Adrenal Disorders 100 Cases from the Adrenal Clinic

Adrenal disorders are often difficult to diagnose due to common symptoms, and challenging to treat due to common comorbidities. Adrenal Disorders: 100 Cases from the Adrenal Clinic provides a comprehensive, case-based approach to the evaluation and treatment of both common and uncommon adrenal disorders, offering practical, real-world guidance highlighted by ultrasound scans, biopsy images, and tables. 

Table of Contents:

 Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass
1 Case #1. 45-Year Old Woman with an Incidentally Discovered Large Adrenal Mass
2 Case #2: Adrenal Mass in a Patient with History of Extra-adrenal Malignancy: the Role of Imaging
3 Case #3: Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass in a Patient with History of Extra-adrenal Malignancy: the Role of Adrenal Biopsy
4 Case #4: Nonfunctioning Lipid Rich Adrenocortical Adenoma—Role of Follow-up
5 Case #5:54-Year Old Woman with an Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass and Abnormal Dexamethasone Suppression Test: Role of Adrenalectomy
6 Case #6: Lipid Poor Adrenal Masses—The Case for Aggressive Management
 INTRODUCTION with basics of diagnosis and work up ( 1-2 pages) WFY
 Primary Aldosteronism
7 Case #7: Primary Aldosteronism—When Adrenal Venous Sampling is not Needed Before Unilateral Adrenalectomy
8 Case #8: Primary Aldosteronism with Unilateral Adrenal Nodule on Computed Tomography
9 Case #9: Primary Aldosteronism with Bilateral Adrenal Nodules on Computed Tomography
10 Case #10: Primary Aldosteronism Caused by Unilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia
11 Case #11: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient with Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia and Associated Clinically Important Cortisol Co-secretion
12 Case #12: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient with an Adrenal Macroadenoma and Clinically Important Cortisol Co-secretion
13 Case #13: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient Treated with Spironolactone
14 Case #14: Failed Catheterization of the Right Adrenal Vein—When Incomplete Adrenal Venous Sampling Data Can Be Used to Direct a Surgical Cure
15 Case #15: Primary Aldosteronism: When Adrenal Venous Sampling Shows Suppressed Aldosterone Secretion From Both Adrenal Glands
 ACTH-Independent Cushing Syndrome
16 Case #16: 28-Year-Old Woman with Remote History of Adrenal Mass Presenting with New Onset Hypertension and Weight Gain
17 Case #17: 26-Year-Old Woman with a Discrepant Work-up for Cushing Syndrome Subtype
18 Case #18: 45-Year-Old Woman with Corticotropin-Independent Cushing Syndrome and Bilateral Adrenal Adenomas
19 Case #19: Corticotropin-Independent Cushing Syndrome in a Patient with “Normal” Adrenal Imaging
20 Case #20:66-Year-Old Woman with Corticotropin-Independent Hypercortisolism and Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia
21 Case #21: 35-Year-Old Woman with Low Bone Density and Fractures
22 Case #22: Carney Triad (Pentad) and Adrenal Adenoma with Clinically Important Cortisol Secretory Autonomy
 Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma and Oncocytic Neoplasm
23 Case #23: Adrenal cortical carcinoma in a patient with history of adrenal incidentaloma
24 Case #24: Unexpected Diagnosis of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma: Role of Urinary Steroid Profiling
25 Case #25: Oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma
26 Case #26:Mitotane therapy in the ENSAT Stage II Adrenocortical Carcinoma
27 Case #27: Cortisol-Secreting Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma—Role for Surgical Debulking of the Primary Tumor
28 Case #28:Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Severe Cushing Syndrome
29 Case #29: Pure Aldosterone-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma
30 Case #30:Long-standing Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient Diagnosed with Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma
31 Case #31: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Associated with Lynch Syndrome
32 Case #32: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
33 Case #33: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Presenting with Inferior Vena Cava Thrombus
34 Case #34: Management of Mitotane Therapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
 E. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
35 Case #35: Most Pheochromocytomas Grow Slowly
36 Case #36: The “Prebiochemical” Pheochromocytoma
37 Case #37: Huge Catecholamine-Secreting Tumor
38 Case#38: Metyrosine Use in a Patient with Metastatic Pheochromocytoma
39 Case #39:Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
40 Case #40:New Diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A in a Patient with Bilateral Pheochromocytomas
41 Case #41:Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with von Hippel Lindau Disease
42 Case #42:Bilateral Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with MYC-associated Protein X (MAX) Genetic Predisposition
43 Case #43: The Cystic Pheochromocytoma
44 Case #44: Skull Base and Neck Paragangliomas—Considerations for the Endocrinologist
45 Case #45: Cardiac Paraganglioma.
46 Case #46: Pheochromocytoma in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B
47 Case #47: Metastatic Paraganglioma—An Approach to Management and the Use Serial Imaging to Assess Rate of Tumor Progression
48 Case #48: Metastatic Pheochromocytoma—Role for 68-Ga DOTATATE PET CT
49 Case #49: Carney Triad (Pentad) and Catecholamine-Secreting Paragangliomas
50 Case #50: Metastatic Paraganglioma—Role For Systemic Chemotherapy
51 Case #51: Cryoablation Therapy for Metastatic Paraganglioma
52 Case #52: Paraganglioma in a patient with cyanotic cardiac disease
53 Case #53: Metastatic Paraganglioma—Role For External Beam Radiation Therapy
 Corticotropin (ACTH)-Dependent Hypercortisolism
54 Case #54:ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome can be frequently misdiagnosed
55 Case #55: ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome—Role for Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling
56 Case #56: ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome—When Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling is Not Needed
57 Case #57: Severe ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome Due to a Pituitary Adenoma
58 Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B
59 Case #59:Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Treated with Cryoablation 
60 Cyclical Ectopic Cushing Syndrome
61 Mild Cushing Syndrome Associated with Ectopic Corticotropin Secretion
62 Bilateral Adrenal Cryoablation in Corticotropin-dependent Cushing Syndrome
63 Case #63: Cushing Syndrome Associated with Ectopic Corticotropin and Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Secreting Pheochromocytoma
64 Case #64: Cushing Syndrome in the Setting of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
 G. Other Adrenal Masses
65 Case #65: Adrenal Myelolipoma—A Computed Tomography Diagnosis
66 Case #66: Adrenal Schwannoma
67 Case #67: Trauma-Related Unilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage
68 Case #68: Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage
69 Case #69: Primary Adrenal Teratoma
70 Case #70: The Adrenal Stone
71 Case #71: Simple Adrenal Cyst
72 Case #72: Adrenal Cystic Lymphangioma
73 Case #73: Adrenal Hemangioma
74 Case #74: Adrenal Ganglioneuroma
75 Case #75: 42-Year-Old Woman with a Large Adrenal Mass 
76 Case #76: Primary Adrenal Leiomyosarcoma
77 Case #77: Primary Adrenal Lymphoma
78 Case #78. 39-Year-Old Man with a Large Adrenal Mass 
79 Case # 79: 59-Year-Old Man with Enlarging Bilateral Adrenal Masses 
80 Case # 80:65-Year-Old Man with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency 
81 Case #81. 47-Year-Old Man with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
82 Case #82: Bilateral Adrenal Myelolipoma—Think of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
83 Case #83: A Unilateral Lipid Poor Adrenal Mass—An Atypical Presentation of Adrenal Histoplasmosis
84 Case #84: Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (BMAH) in the Setting of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
85 Case #85: Pseudo-Adrenal Masses
 H.Adrenal and Ovarian Hyperandrogenism
86 A Huge Adrenal Myelolipoma in a Patient with a Suboptimally Controlled Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
87 Balancing Glucocorticoid and Androgen Excess in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
88 Case #88: Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S): The “Love it” or “Hate it” Hormone
89 Case #89: Sorting out the Source of Androgen Excess in a Postmenopausal Woman with an Adrenal and an Ovarian Mass.
90 Case #90: Primary Testosterone-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma in a Premenopausal Woman.
91 Case #91: Premenopausal Woman with Testosterone-secreting Ovarian Tumor
92 Case #92: Sorting out the Source of Androgen Excess in a Postmenopausal Woman with an Adrenal Mass.
93 Case #93: Testosterone-Secreting Benign Adrenal Adenoma in a Postmenopausal Woman.
 I. Adrenal Disorders in Pregnancy
94 Malignant Pheochromocytoma in Pregnancy
95 Case #95: Catecholamine-Secreting Paraganglioma in Pregnancy
96 Case #96: The Peripartum Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and a Genetic Mystery Solved
97 Case #97. History of Pregnancy in a 41-Year-Old Woman with Undiagnosed Cushing syndrome
98 Pregnancy in a Patient with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
99 Case #99: Pregnancy in a Patient with 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
100 Primary Aldosteronism in Pregnancy